Abd al-Malik's Fiscal and Coinage Reforms (686–697)

1. Abd al-Malik becomes Umayyad caliph

   Oct 1, 685Labels: Abd al-Malik

   • Britannica
   • Wikipedia

2. Dome of the Rock completed with programmatic inscriptions

   Jan 1, 692Labels: Dome of

   • Dome Rock
   • Britannica

3. Byzantine coin iconography shifts, sharpening monetary rivalry

   Jan 1, 692Labels: Byzantine Empire

   • Wikipedia
   • Ashmolean

4. “Standing caliph” gold coin type circulates

   Jan 1, 695Labels: Standing caliph

   • Ashmolean
   • IslamicAwareness

5. Reformed epigraphic gold dinar introduced (AH 77)

   Jan 1, 696Labels: Gold dinar

   • Cambridge JRAS
   • Met Museum
   • Wikipedia

6. Dinar and dirham standards regulated in reform era

   Jan 1, 696Labels: Dinar and

   • Encyclopedia com
   • Cambridge JRAS

7. Persian-to-Arabic conversion of Iraq’s fiscal dīwān begins

   Jan 1, 697Labels: Iraq d

   • Salih Wiki
   • Cambridge JRAS

8. Reformed Islamic dirhams replace Sasanian types (AH 79)

   Jan 1, 698Labels: Islamic dirham

   • Iranica
   • Wikipedia

9. Fully epigraphic gold dinars continue in new standard style

   Jan 1, 699Labels: Epigraphic dinar

   • Met Museum
   • WorldHistory org

10. Syria’s dīwān converted from Greek to Arabic

    Jan 1, 700Labels: Syria d

    • Sulayman Wiki
    • Britannica

11. Uniform dirham inscriptions and weight standard articulated

    Jan 1, 701Labels: Dirham standard

    • Iranica
    • Encyclopedia com

12. Old-style Sasanian-type issues persist at some eastern mints

    Jan 1, 703Labels: Arab Sasanian

    • Iranica
    • Wikipedia