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Middle East

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Franco‑British Boundary Commission and the Syria–Lebanon border demarcation (1920–1923)

1914 - 1924

Formation of the Israel Defense Forces and Integration of Paramilitary Groups (1947–1950)

1947 - 1949

Formation of Saudi governmental institutions and ministries (1932–1960)

1930 - 1960

Formation and international recognition of the Emirate/Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan (1920–1946)

1920 - 1946

Fiscal state formation: oil revenues, budgets and Saudi financial institutions (1945–1975)

1945 - 1975

First Saudi State (Emirate of Diriyah) (1727–1818)

1727 - 1818

Establishment of the Islamic Republic: Referendum, Assembly of Experts, and Early Institutions (1979–1983)

1979 - 1983

Establishment of Religious State Institutions: Chief Rabbinate and Religious Councils (1918–1960)

1917 - 1960

Establishment and demarcation of the Israel–Jordan boundary through mandate era to the 1994 peace treaty (1922–1994)

1922 - 1994

Economic Foundations: Currency, Reparations, and Early Fiscal Policy (1948–1954)

1948 - 1954

Discovery of oil and the early ARAMCO era (1938–1950)

1933 - 1950

Development of Israel's Defense Industry and Military Economy (1948–1967)

1948 - 1967

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