Frontier Expansion

Creation of Xinjiang Province and late-Qing provincial reforms (1884–1885)

1755 - 1885

Construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad (1863–1869)

1862 - 1869

Construction and opening of the Trans‑Siberian Railway and its impact on Siberian settlement (1891–1916)

1891 - 1916

Comstock Lode silver boom in Nevada (1859–1874)

1850 - 1878

Cattle drives and the Chisholm Trail (1866–1887)

1865 - 1887

California Trail during the Gold Rush (1848–1855)

1848 - 1855

California Gold Rush (1848–1855)

Buryat responses to Russian expansion: conversion, uprisings, and sedentarization (17th–19th centuries)

1625 - 1890

British expedition to Tibet and the 1904 Convention of Lhasa (1903–1904)

1890 - 1910

Bleeding Kansas and pre–Civil War border warfare (1854–1861)

1854 - 1861

Banner, Green Standard, and garrison settlements: military colonization of the frontiers (1644–1796)

1638 - 1796