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Bretton Woods System

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World Bank (IBRD) founding and postwar reconstruction lending (1944–1955)

1944 - 1953

U.S. dollar–gold convertibility and official reserve policy (1945–1971)

1934 - 1971

U.S. balance-of-payments deficits and international dollar crises (1958–1971)

1958 - 1971

The Triffin Dilemma and international policy debates over dollar liquidity (1959–1971)

1960 - 1971

Speculative currency pressures, the Smithsonian Agreement, and realignments (1971–1973)

1971 - 1973

Nixon Shock and the end of dollar–gold convertibility (August 1971–1973)

1944 - 1976

London Gold Pool and official gold market interventions (1961–1968)

1934 - 1968

IMF lending, conditionality, and stabilization programs in the Bretton Woods era (1947–1973)

1947 - 1973

European Payments Union and multilateral settlement under Bretton Woods (1947–1958)

1948 - 1958

Establishment and early operations of the IMF (1944–1952)

1944 - 1952

Creation and first allocations of Special Drawing Rights (1969–1974)

1967 - 1974

Capital controls, the IMF, and postwar liberalization debates (1945–1973)

1944 - 1973

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